Synthesis of nanoparticles of metals and their compounds with given morphology and dispersity for use in medicine, pharmacology, microelectronics, as well as subsequent research of their properties, is one of the current problems in the field of preparative inorganic chemistry. Interphase synthesis and redox-transmetalation reduction are as promising as the traditional precipitation from aqueous solutions, but not as researched. This study presents the results of a physicochemical analysis of nanoparticles of metals and their compounds obtained through chemical precipitation from aqueous solutions, interphase and redox-transmetalation interaction. Data describing the influence of phase composition and dispersity of copper and copper oxide (II) nanoparticles on their antimicrobial properties, as well as the results of researching the possibility to use magnetite magnetic fluids for mesenchymal stem cells marking, illustrate the application options synthe-sized nanoparticles find in pharmacology and medicine.