The article presents a literature review of recent data on the functioning of mucociliary clearance. The main unresolved up today and still in dispute questions about the mechanisms of work's regulation, identification of a key link and the formation of pathological changes in the process are given. Also there are described the continued at the present time works and perspective studies of the possibility of positive influence on the functioning of mucociliary clearance. The data obtained in the future will lead to the development and implementation in practical health of the techniques to improve the affected transport function of ciliated epithelium in a number of diseases.