This review summarizes data which describe properties of microbial cell surface amyloids proteins. Definitions of amyloids and microbial functional amyloids are given. The review provides numerous examples of research in which the presence of amyloid-like properties in microbial cell surface proteins is demonstrated convincingly. Studies of the important role of pili, curli, tafi and some other bacterial fibrillar proteins in host colonization are reviewed. Data on amyloid proteins of yeast cell surface, their properties and potential association with candidiasis development are summarized. This review also appeals to experts in biology and medicine in an attempt to draw their attention to the issue which is increasingly discussed in scientific work at present, namely to a possible role of bacterial extracellular matrix amyloids and amyloid proteins of eukaryotic microorganism surface, yeast in the first place, in the development of amyloidosis in animals and humans.